制导火箭弹制导控制系统精益设计方法

制导火箭弹在陆军未来战争中正发挥越来越重要的作用，制导控制系统设计是制导火箭弹研制的核心和难题。提出了一种适用于制导火箭弹制导控制系统的精益设计方法，将设计过程分为数据处理环节、自动驾驶仪设计环节、制导律设计环节和六自由度仿真分析环节4个部分，并将标准化和基于模型的思想体现在精益化设计软件中，从而给出了一条可以又快又好地完成系统设计的技术途径。     

基于精益6滓的航空高强钢零件大尺寸面轮廓度 数控加工参数优化

针对某航空高强钢零件大尺寸面轮廓度数控加工合格率较低问题,利用精益6σ方法,依据DMAIC的研究路径,充分运用箱线图、等方差检验、单因子方差分析等方法和工具,分析了“人、机、料、法、环、测”6大方面的操作者、加工刀具、装夹方式、主轴转速、切削量、进给速度、切削方式7个因素,确定刀具尺寸、切削量、进给速度为关键影响因素;通过建立面轮廓度与7个影响因素之间的GLM模型,得出影响流程输出的3个关键影响因素的最佳组合,并在此基础上对工艺参数进行优化。结果表明:该零件的数控加工工艺流程改进后,减少了加工过程中的人工调试检查环节,缩短了加工调试验证时间,大尺寸面轮廓度数控加工合格率从80%提高到96%以上,取得了较好的经济效益。     

中心分级燃烧室雾化特性试验研究

为了研究中心分级燃烧室雾化特性,设计中心分级燃烧室头部进行雾化特性试验研究。头部预燃级采用贫油直接喷射,主燃级采用预混预蒸发。试验采用了相位多普勒粒子分析仪测量液滴粒径及速度,用10μm以下的小液滴速度近似流场速度。实验结果表明:流场具有中心回流区(PRZ)、唇口回流区、角落回流区(CRZ)、预燃级高速射流区及主燃级高速射流区等结构;流场结构对称且受工况改变影响较小;大液滴集中在中心回流区及角落回流区。中心分级燃烧室不同于其他分级燃烧室,其具有特殊的流场结构及燃油雾化分布规律;在近场流场区域65μm～75μm液滴集中在PRZ区域和CRZ区域;近场区域内Case 4雾化D32是Case 3的60%。     

低排放燃烧室NO_x排放试验及预测方法研究

为了研究中心分级贫油低排放燃烧室的排放特性和排放预测方法,针对一个低排放头部方案,在单头部燃烧室试验件上,在不同的温度、压力、油气比、供油模式和分级比条件下,测量其排放性能。以Lefebvre排放经验预测公式为基础,采用经验分析方法拟合排放试验数据,归纳出适用于本头部方案的排放预测公式。表征预测好坏的判定系数R2在小工况下和大工况下分别为0.95和0.93,表明预测结果与试验结果符合度较好。小工况和大工况排放特性不同,对仅预燃级喷油的小工况工作模式,NO_x排放主要受化学恰当燃烧温度和预燃级局部当量比的影响;对预燃级和主燃级同时喷油的大工况工作模式,NO_x排放主要受燃烧区温度和主燃级燃油比例的影响。     

中心分级燃烧室主燃级设计参数的试验研究

为研究中心分级燃烧室的主燃级设计,本文设计了多个主燃级方案,并在单头部燃烧室试验件上开展试验研究。试验结果表明：燃油飞行时间对燃烧效率影响最大,喷点个数和旋流数对燃烧效率也有一定的影响,级间距对燃烧效率的影响主要体现在小状态;级间距、喷点个数对NOx排放影响最大。在本次研究的试验方案中级间距变化对燃烧稳定性的表现有明显的影响。     

弯曲/倾斜叶片对大展弦比涡轮气动性能影响

为了获得弯曲/倾斜导叶对大展弦比低压涡轮气动性能的影响,通过求解基于耦合转捩SST湍流模型的雷诺平均N-S方程组,对GE-E3低压涡轮叶栅的进行了全三维粘性定常与非定常数值模拟。研究了弯曲/倾斜导叶对涡轮级效率的影响,分析了对导叶叶栅气动性能、导叶扩散因子与边界层发展的作用,以及对下游动叶气动性能和动叶吸力面流动特性的影响。结果表明,正弯导叶减小了二次流损失却带了更大的叶型损失,降低了涡轮级效率,而正倾斜改变了上下端壁的二次流损失分配,对总的叶型损失影响较小,在一定角度下能够改善大展弦比涡轮叶栅的气动性能。     

凹腔油气匹配对驻涡燃烧室点火性能影响试验

针对一种以煤油为燃料的驻涡燃烧室,在前期研究的基础上对其前体油气匹配进行几种结构改变,探讨驻涡燃烧室头部油气匹配及后体气量变化时对其点火熄火的影响。对仅采用凹腔供油的驻涡燃烧室的贫油点火及贫油熄火特性进行了试验研究表明,随后体气量增加,总的贫油点火油气比先下降后上升,绝大部分工况下,总的贫油点火油气比在0.04以下;贫熄总油气随主流气量的减小先增大后减小;各个方案熄火总油气比都在0.004以下;凹腔前体进气温度的提高有利于驻涡燃烧室的点火熄火性能。     

谈大型军工企业的精益化管理

本文结合我国大型军工企业的实际情况,重点阐述在生产制造领域和产品成本领域推行精益化管理的基本内容,以及精益生产方式与传统生产方式的比较。     

Experimental study on NOx emission correlation of fuel staged combustion in a LPP combustor at high pressure based on NO-chemiluminescence

Experimental investigations on NO_x emissions of a single-cup, Lean Premixed Prevaporized (LPP), module combustor were carried out at elevated inlet temperature and pressure up to 810 K and 2.0 MPa, close to the real operating conditions of aero-engine combustors. This LPP combustor adopts centrally staged fuel injections which could produce separated stratified swirling spray flame. In the NO_x emissions measurements, the ranges of dome equivalence ratio and fuel stage ratio were from 0.55 to 0.58 and 8% to 24%, respectively. The optical diagnosis on separated stratified swirling spray flame were carried out with fuel stage ratio changing from 15% to 30%. Therefore, NO* and OH* chemiluminescence images were obtained. The results show that NO_x emissions increase with the increase of the fuel stage ratio. And from the chemiluminescence images, the main flame and pilot flame are found weakly coupled. The pilot flame plays a significant role in NO_x emission production because of its higher adiabatic flame temperature. Based on the results of chemiluminescence optical tests, a new NO_x emission prediction model is proposed based on the Lefebvre’s single flame model. The estimate of local equivalence ratio of the pilot stage’s non-premixed flame is modified considering the characteristics of spray combustion, and a “PLUS” emission prediction model suitable for separated stratified swirling spray flame is obtained. Compared to the experimental data, the “PLUS” model exhibits a good prediction in a range of ±13% of deviation.     

Hybrid method based on flame volume concept for lean blowout limits prediction of aero engine combustors

The Lean Blowout (LBO) limit is crucial for the aircraft engines. The semi-empirical (such as Lefebvre’s LBO model and Flame Volume (FV) model), numerical and hybrid methods are widely utilized for the LBO limit quick prediction. An innovative hybrid method based on the FV concept is proposed. This method can be classified as a semi-empirical/physical based hybrid prediction method. In this hybrid method, it is assumed that the flame volume varies nearly linearly with the fuel/air ratio near the LBO. The flame volume is obtained directly by the numerical simulation using the threshold value of the visible flame boundary as 900 K. Then the final LBO limits is determined by the FV model. On the premise of keeping the good generality of prediction, the hybrid method based on the FV concept can further improve the prediction accuracy. The comparison with the prediction of the existing available methods on fifteen combustors shows that the hybrid method based on the FV concept achieves better prediction accuracy. The prediction uncertainties between the experimental results and the predicted values by the hybrid method based on the FV concept are within about ±10%.